City of High Springs

Rapid Ecological Project Assessment

Alachua County Forever

Draft Date:                             March 21, 2003

Matrix Score:                         6.07 of 9.44

Size:                                        17 acres

Number of parcels:                1

Number of owners:                1

Number of Buildings: 0

Location / Description:

The 17-acre City of High Springs (HIG) Project is located in the City of High Springs immediately south of Spring Hill Middle School, and 0.5 miles northeast of the intersection of 441 and Main Street, Map 1.  The project was nominated by the City of High Springs.  The City is interested in creating an environmental and historical park, which will be connected to their new active recreation facility by a 0.8 mile pathway.  Jim Pendland, Attorney for the City of High Springs, described the project as a mini Devil’s Millhopper.  He reported that the site contains the original spring for the City of High Springs, and another sinkhole/spring with an historical water control dam and deeply incised spring run that was used to furnish water for the railroad, in addition to some nice hammock.  The site is also a component of the City’s efforts to improve stormwater management in the City. 

A brief site assessment by Alachua County Forever staff revealed that the site consists of calcareous mesic hammock, a sinkhole that was holding water, an associated stream that turns into a ditch at the perimeter of the property, a seepage area and an old field mixed hardwood and pine area.   Invasive exotic plant control is the primary management concern.  It appears that the site currently receives stormwater runoff from some of the surrounding residences.

 

Protecting Water Resources:

            The HIG project is located in the unconfined aquifer zone of Alachua County.  This is an area where the Floridan aquifer system is overlain by highly permeable, and generally thin, undifferentiated sands.  It is a low, flat area of high aquifer recharge that allows pollutants direct access to the aquifer (Macesich 1998).

            The St. Johns River Water Management District’s (SJRWMD) Aquifer Recharge Map for Alachua County shows that 100% of the HIG project is in a high aquifer recharge area where 12 inches or more of water is recharged to the aquifer on a yearly basis.   

            According to the USGS Water Resources Investigation Report 88-4057, the HIG project is located in an area where greater than ten inches of water is recharged to the Floridan Aquifer System per year (Aucott 1988).

According to the available data layers, there are no wetlands, hydric soils, or FEMA 100 or 500 year flood hazard areas within the City of High Springs Project area.  However, the site visit revealed several water features including a sinkhole filled with water, an associated stream that turns into a ditch at the north end of the property, and a seepage area that may function as a spring when the water table is higher.  The inspection took place in October of 2002, when ground water levels were very low due to the drought.

The City of High Springs is working with the Suwannee River Water Management District to improve stormwater management in the City.  Much of the stormwater is channeled into sinkholes where it eventually ends up in the Santa Fe River.  They are working to clean-up the water before it enters the aquifer and ends up in the River. 

 

Protecting Natural Communities and Landscapes:

Natural Communities

Calcareous Mesic Hammock

Spring

Sinkhole

Stream

Other

Old Field Mixed Pine and Hardwood

 

The above list of natural communities is from a brief site visit conducted by Alachua County staff and representatives from the City of High Springs in October of 2002 and aerial photographic interpretation. The ecological quality of the natural communities ranges from poor to good. 

The HIG project is a small, isolated parcel of land located in a residential area in the City of High Springs that is dominated by calcareous mesic hammock.  It is not connected to any large natural areas; however, there are some small undeveloped parcels in the vicinity of the project with what appears from the Alachua County 2001 aerial photography to be hammock vegetation.  The nearest large conservation areas are Poe Springs, approximately 3.5 miles away, and River Rise State Park, just under 2 miles from the project site, Map 2.  The site is internally fragmented by a power line running diagonally across the southern end of the parcel, and the infrastructure from the waterworks, a damn and the remains of an old wooden building. 

The calcareous mesic hammock was of good quality, with a diverse array of species including live oak, Florida maple, sugarberry, magnolia, devil’s walking stick, and ebony spleenwort.   This area, especially in the vicinity of the stream, had a moderate to heavy infestation of invasive plants. 

The eastern side of the property and a portion of the southern end have been cleared in the past.  The vegetation in this area is composed of pines, oaks, and turf grass with a scattering of ruderal species.

None of the HIG project is within the Florida Ecological Greenways Network (FEGN).  The Florida Ecological Greenways Network is a decision support model to help identify the best opportunities to protect ecological connectivity statewide.  It was developed by the University of Florida for the Florida Department of Environmental Protection.  GIS data on land use and significant ecological areas were integrated in a process that identified a statewide Ecological Greenways Network containing all of the largest areas of ecological and natural resource significance and the landscape linkages necessary to link these areas together in one functional statewide network (Hoctor et al. 2002). 

There area no Strategic Habitat Conservation Areas within the HIG project.  Strategic Habitat Conservation Areas were developed by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC).  They are private lands containing habitats critical to the continued survival of populations of inadequately protected plants and animals (Cox et al. 2000).  These lands are essential to providing some of state’s rarest animals, plants, and natural communities with the land base necessary to sustain populations into the future (Cox et al.1994). 

The HIG site does not fall within the Florida Natural Areas Inventory (FNAI) Habitat Conservation Priorities.  FNAI’s Habitat Conservation Priorities prioritize places on the landscape that would protect both the greatest number of rare species and those species with the greatest conservation need (Florida Natural Areas Inventory, June 2001).

The HIG site does not contain any FNAI Under-represented Natural Communities.  Under-represented Natural Communities are those natural community types that were inadequately represented on conservation lands in Florida.  A natural community is considered to be inadequately represented if less than 15% of the original extent of that community is on existing conservation lands.  Under-represented natural communities include, seepage slope, upland hardwood forest, pine rockland, tropical hardwood hammock, sandhill, scrub, upland glades, and pine flatwoods. These data were developed by the Office of Environmental Services, Florida Department of Environmental Protection and FNAI (FNAI, December 2001). 

           

Protecting Plant and Animal Species:

Common Name                     Endemic/ Large                   Fed/State               FCREPA/FNAI             Observed

                                                Home-Range                         Status                    Designation

Reptiles

Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake    -/-                            -/-                            -/S3                                         SM

Eastern Indigo Snake                          -/-                            T/T                         SSC/S3                                   SM

Florida Crowned Snake                       X/-                          -/-                            -/-                                            SM

Florida Pine Snake                               -/-                            -/SSC                      SU/S3                                     SM

Peninsula Mole Skink                          -/-                            -/-                            -/-                                            SM

Short-tailed Snake                                X/-                          -/T                           T/S3                                        SM

Birds

Cooper’s Hawk                                     -/-                            -/-                            SSC/S3                                   SM

Swallow-tailed Kite                              -/L                           -/-                            T/S2                                        F

Wild Turkey                                          -/L                                                                                                           F

Mammals

Bobcat                                                   -/L                           -/-                            -/-                                            F

Northern Yellow Bat                            -/-                            -/-                            SU/-                                        SM

 

X= Endemic, L=species with large home ranges according to the Closing the Gaps in Florida’s Wildlife Habitat System, S= observed by Alachua Co. EPD staff and/or an LCB subcommittee member, SM= documented on the Species Models maps created by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, F= Focal species used for the most detailed analyses in the Closing the Gaps in Florida’s Wildlife Habitat Conservation System, Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, 1994, N= Florida Natural Areas Inventory Element Occurrence, P= potential for species based on habitat types, K=documented in the Alachua County Ecological Inventory Project.

 

No listed species were observed during the brief site inspection. 

There was a significant invasive plant infestation in the hammock, especially near the stream.  Coral ardisia occurred in the greatest numbers; however camphor tree, English ivy, and glossy privet were also represented. 

The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission data does not show any bald eagle nests on or within a five mile vicinity of the project site. 

Thirty-four percent of the HIG site falls within Regional Biodiversity Hotspots. The purpose of the Regional Biodiversity Hot Spots maps developed by FWC is to “convey more detailed information on the known locations of as many components of biological diversity as possible, regardless of whether or not they fall within proposed Strategic Habitat Conservation Areas, to help meet the need for conservation information at regional and local levels” (Cox et al. 1994).

 

Management:

The HIG property will require a good deal of effort to control invasive plants because of the existing invasive plant problem and the constant re-introduction of invasives from the residences that back up to the project area.  However, because the site is relatively small, this level of effort is manageable.

The disturbed area on the east is a good location for the development of the infrastructure for the proposed city park.  If not, it could be restored by controlling invasive plants and allowing natural recruitment and succession to continue or by re-vegetating the area.

 

Achieving Social and Human Values:

The HIG project is not within a Natural Resource-based Recreation Area (Knight, et al. 2000) as delineated on the Natural Resource-based Recreation map developed by FNAI in collaboration with FWC, the Florida Department of Environmental Resources and the Florida Division of Forestry.  The recreation potential of a site depends on available road access, presence of a water body or beach, proximity to urban areas, and size of the site.  “These criteria were applied to Potential Natural Areas delineated by FNAI using aerial photography and revised using the 1995 Water Management District land cover data.  Sites were ranked by recreation potential.” (Knight, et al. 2000). 

The HIG project area is not within the Emerald Necklace Land Conservation Initiative – a publicly accessible, connected, and protected network of trails, greenways, open space, and waterfronts surrounding the Gainesville urban area. 

The HIG project provides an excellent opportunity to create a passive-recreation city park, with an environmental and historical education component.  It fits into the City of High Springs’ recreation plan, and if acquired, would be connected to the City’s new active recreation complex by a 0.8 mile walk.  The adjacent Spring Hill Middle School would facilitate the use of the site for educational purposes. 

 

Economic & Acquisition:

The 17-acre HIG property has one owner and one parcel, and contains no buildings or improvements according to the Alachua County Property Appraiser.  The ACPA’s 2002 Just Value or land value for the entire project is $37,900 or $2,269/ acre.  These figures are for comparative purposes between nominated properties, and are not necessarily an accurate reflection of the true cost of the property if acquired by the Alachua County Forever Program. 

The project site falls is in the City of High Springs, and has a residential zoning and Future Land Use designation.  The parcel has not been subdivided but is an area of large lot residential development.  There is a moderate threat of losing the environmental and social values of the property through development.

            The HIG project would make an excellent Florida Communities Trust project, and if submitted by the City, would not require any matching funds.  ACF staff could assist the City in the development of an FCT grant application.

 

Other:

There is one archaeological site listed on the Florida Master Site File maintained by the Division of Historical Resources immediately adjacent to the project site, and eleven others within a two mile radius. 

 

Literature Citations:

Aucott, W. 1988. Water Resources Investigation Report 88-4057. USGS.

 

Cox, J., R. Kautz, M. MacLaughlin, and T. Gilbert. 1994.  Closing the Gaps in Florida’s Wildlife Habitat Conservation System, Office of Environmental Services, Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, Tallahassee, Florida.

 

Cox, J. and R. Kautz. 2000. Habitat Conservation Needs of Rare and Imperiled Wildlife in Florida. Office of Environmental Services, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Tallahassee, Florida.

 

Florida Natural Areas Inventory. June 2001. Florida Forever Conservation Needs Assessment Technical Report

 

Hoctor, T.S., J. Teisinger, M.G. Carr., P.C, Zwick. 2002. Identification of Critical Linkages Within the Florida Ecological Greenways Network. Final Report. Office of Greenways and Trails, Florida Department of Environmental Protection. Tallahassee, FL.

 

Knight, G., A. Knight, and J. Oetting. 2000. Florida Forever Conservation Needs Assessment Summary Report to the Florida Forever Advisory council. Florida Natural Areas Inventory.

 

KBN, A Golder Associates Company. 1996. Alachua County Ecological Inventory Project. Prepared for Alachua County Department of Growth Management, Gainesville, Florida.

 

Macesich, M. 1988.  Geologic Interpretation of the Aquifer Pollution Potential in Alachua County, Florida, Open File Report – 21.  Florida Geologic Survey, Tallahassee, Florida.

 

Florida Natural Areas Inventory. December 2001. Florida Forever Conservation Needs Assessment Version 1.1 Supplement to the technical Report June 2001. Tallahassee, Florida.